1. 概述编辑
通用查询较之简单通用查询,增加了表间关联的能力,支持多表查询,但是需要在 ECC6 以上版本使用,且需要在 SAP 系统中添加一个我方提供的 ABAP Function。
通用查询相对于简单通用查询来说,设置过程没有简单通用查询那么简单,选择的表和列不再是可视化选择,而完全是通过 open SQL 语句实现。
2. 添加 ABAP Function编辑
我方的 ABAP Function 的名称为 EXTRACT_TABLE_DATA,不可改变,将其添加到 SAP 系统中,函数内容如下:
FUNCTION EXTRACT_TABLE_DATA.
*"----------------------------------------------------------------------
*"*"Local Interface:
*" TABLES
*" FIELDS STRUCTURE ZSQL_CLAUSE_ELEMENTS
*" FROMCLAUSE STRUCTURE ZSQL_CLAUSE_ELEMENTS
*" WHERECLAUSE STRUCTURE ZSQL_CLAUSE_ELEMENTS
*" DATA STRUCTURE ZTABLEROWS
*"----------------------------------------------------------------------
*"----------------------------------------------------------------------
*" Copy selected fields from QUERY_TABLE to DATA_STRUCTURE
*"----------------------------------------------------------------------
TYPE-POOLS: abap.
DATA:
columnName TYPE SO_TEXT,
fieldDataDescrRef TYPE REF TO abap_componentdescr,
numberFields TYPE i,
fieldDescr TYPE abap_componentdescr,
fieldname TYPE string,
fieldDescrTab TYPE abap_component_tab,
rowStructDescr TYPE REF TO cl_abap_structdescr,
rowReference TYPE REF TO data,
returnRowString TYPE string,
dataFieldString TYPE string,
dataline LIKE data,
fromClauseRow TYPE ZALBUS_STRUCT_WHERECLAUSE,
fromClauseString TYPE string,
whereClauseRow TYPE ZALBUS_STRUCT_WHERECLAUSE,
whereClauseString TYPE string,
fieldsRow TYPE ZALBUS_STRUCT_WHERECLAUSE.
FIELD-SYMBOLS:
<datarow> TYPE ANY,
<datafield> TYPE ANY.
* CREATE DataStructure with field names
* Datatypes are read from fieldnames of FIELDS input table
DESCRIBE TABLE FIELDS LINES numberFields.
LOOP AT FIELDS INTO fieldsRow.
fieldname = SY-TABIX.
* names need to be unique and must start with a char
CONCATENATE 'string' fieldname INTO fieldname.
CONDENSE fieldname.
fieldDescr-name = fieldname.
* for dictionary lookup we need to change columnnames from Open SQL
* to dictionary notation
columnName = fieldsRow-TEXT.
REPLACE FIRST OCCURRENCE OF SUBSTRING '~' IN columnName WITH '-' RESPECTING CASE.
fieldDescr-type ?= cl_abap_typedescr=>describe_by_name( columnName ).
APPEND fieldDescr TO fieldDescrTab.
ENDLOOP.
rowStructDescr = cl_abap_structdescr=>create( fieldDescrTab ).
* now we create the actual data structure in memory
create data rowReference type HANDLE rowStructDescr.
* finally we assign it to the Field-symbol used by the select statement
ASSIGN rowReference->* TO <datarow>.
* End Create DataStructure
* to simplify calls we concatenate from and whereclause into strings
* this way caller doesn't need to check word wrappings
fromClauseString = ''.
LOOP AT FROMCLAUSE INTO fromClauseRow.
CONCATENATE fromClauseString fromClauseRow-TEXT INTO fromClauseString.
ENDLOOP.
whereClauseString = ''.
LOOP AT WHERECLAUSE INTO whereClauseRow.
CONCATENATE whereClauseString whereClauseRow-TEXT INTO whereClauseString.
ENDLOOP.
* Now start actual select operation
SELECT (FIELDS) FROM (fromClauseString) INTO <datarow> WHERE (whereClauseString).
* we read all fields of the current row, cast it to string and
* concatenate it into a dataline with division chars.
CLEAR: returnRowString.
DO numberFields TIMES.
ASSIGN component sy-index of structure <datarow> to <datafield>.
dataFieldString = <datafield>.
CONCATENATE returnRowString '|' datafieldstring INTO returnRowString.
ENDDO.
dataline = returnRowString.
* finally dataline is added to the return table.
INSERT dataline INTO TABLE data.
ENDSELECT.
ENDFUNCTION.
注:sap 数据集支持结构型参数。
3. 示例编辑
在 Function 列表中选择
,如下图所示:注:这里适用于 6 及以上版本
我们这里简单做个多表查询,比如说关联 KNA1 和 KNVV 这两个表,读取出 KNA1 表中的 NAME2 和 LAND1 两个列以及 KNVV 表中的 KUNNR 列,并且NAME2 不能为空,用参数动态输入 LAND1 的值,open SQL 语句和 SQL 语句的格式是有区别的,点击
,可查看 open SQL 的格式。3.1 列设置
不同于 SQL 语句,open SQL 中读取某个列应该用表~列这种格式,即 Select 后面的文本框语句应该为:
KNA1~NAME2,KNVV~KUNNR,KNA1~LAND1
3.2 表设置
将两张表关联起来,open SQL 语句中关联表,用 inner join on 格式,即 From 后面的文本框语句应该为:
KNA1 INNER JOIN KNVV ON KNA1~KUNNR = KNVV~KUNNR
3.3 条件设置
由上面的描述可知,Where 条件语句中的语句应该为:
KNA1~NAME2 <>'' AND KNA1~LAND1 = '${land}'
完整的 open SQL 语句为:
select KNA1~NAME2,KNVV~KUNNR,KNA1~LAND1 from KNA1 INNER JOIN KNVV ON KNA1~KUNNR = KNVV~KUNNR where KNA1~NAME2 <>'' AND KNA1~LAND1
3.4 简单示例
按照上面的格式做一个简单示例,数据集配置如下图所示:
简单示例中的查询语句如下:
Select:T001K~MANDT,T001W~BWKEY,T001K~XEFRE
From:T001K INNER JOIN T001W on T001K~BWKEY = T001W~BWKEY
Where:T001K~MANDT <>'' AND T001K~XEFRE = '${a}'
3.5 结果查看
点击预览按钮,可查看上面语句执行的结果,如下图所示:
4. 数据集界面编辑
设置完成后,点击确定,退出 SAP 数据集对话框,在数据集面板中会增加一个名称为 的数据集,如下图所示:
FineReport 提供了 EXTRACT_TABLE_DATA 的源码及后续的数据集使用过程。
EXTRACT_TABLE_DATA 的创建过程及出现的问题解决请参见:通用查询取数中的函数